ATP is your skin cells’ favourite energy drink, only it’s made inside your body. Short for adenosine triphosphate, ATP is a molecule found in all living cells that stores and transports energy. Think of it as the biological fuel that powers everything your skin does, from repairing damage to producing collagen and elastin.

In skincare, ATP is a big deal because higher levels = faster cellular turnover = glowier, firmer, healthier-looking skin.

Some advanced devices, like EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation) or microcurrent facial tools, help stimulate ATP production by mimicking your body’s natural electrical currents. This extra energy gives skin cells the boost they need to lift, tighten, and regenerate — kind of like sending them to a little spa retreat with a double espresso.

In short? More ATP = happier skin cells doing their best work.

Desquamation is the natural process your skin uses to shed old, dead cells from the outermost layer (the stratum corneum) to make space for newer, healthier cells underneath. This cycle is essential for maintaining smooth, radiant skin and forms a key part of your skin’s renewal process.

Here’s how it works: Skin cells are created in the deeper layers of the epidermis, where they mature and migrate upwards over time. By the time they reach the surface, these cells are flat, dry, and no longer alive, but they still play a protective role as part of the skin barrier. Eventually, enzymes break down the bonds holding them together, allowing these old cells to slough off naturally.

This invisible, ongoing process typically takes about 28 days in healthy, youthful skin — but it can slow down with age, sun exposure, or certain skin conditions. When this happens, dead cells may build up, leading to dullness, clogged pores, and uneven texture.

Why does this matter for skincare? Understanding desquamation helps explain why regular, gentle stimulation — like microneedling, exfoliation, or LED therapy — can support skin renewal. By encouraging cell turnover, you’re helping your skin maintain balance and vibrancy.

EMS stands for Electrical Muscle Stimulation, a technology that uses low-level electrical currents to gently activate your facial muscles. These impulses mimic the brain’s natural signals to trigger muscle movement, like a mini workout for your face.

The goal? To tone and firm the muscles beneath your skin. This helps improve facial definition, soften fine lines, and boost circulation—all of which contribute to that sculpted, post-facial glow. It also stimulates ATP (the skin’s energy molecule), which supports collagen and elastin production over time.

You’ll feel a light twitching or tingling while using an EMS device, which is totally normal. It's just your muscles engaging; no needles or downtime needed. Devices like the SKINJOY LUMO PEBBLE Electric Current Facial Toner pair EMS with LED and heat tech for a safe, multi-layered skincare approach that delivers visible results with consistent use.

Microneedling uses fine needles to create tiny micro-channels in the skin, stimulating collagen and elastin production for firmer, smoother skin.

Pigmentation refers to the colour of your skin, determined by the production of a pigment called melanin, which is made by specialised cells called melanocytes. Melanin’s job? To protect you. It’s your skin’s natural response to things like sunlight, hormones, and inflammation.

Sometimes, however, melanin production can go into overdrive. This leads to hyperpigmentation—patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding area. Common causes include UV exposure, hormonal changes (hello, melasma), post-acne marks, or injury to the skin.

Not all pigmentation is permanent, but treating it takes time and consistency. Brightening ingredients, exfoliation, and therapies like yellow LED light can help by calming melanocyte activity and promoting more even melanin distribution over time.

Skin metabolism is the behind-the-scenes engine room of your skin, constantly powering essential processes like cell turnover, repair, hydration regulation, and barrier maintenance. Just like your body needs food for energy, your skin cells need ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to fuel their daily tasks.

A healthy skin metabolism means your skin renews itself efficiently, recovers faster from environmental stress, and maintains that juicy, plump look we all love. But as we age (or face stress, sun damage, or inflammation), this natural rhythm can slow down. That’s when we start seeing signs like dullness, uneven tone, or slower healing.

The good news? Certain skincare tools, like red light therapy, can help recharge the energy batteries in your cells, improving metabolic activity and helping your skin get back to its best behaviour.

UV (Ultraviolet) damage happens when ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds penetrates the skin and disrupts the DNA inside your cells. Think of it as sunburn on a microscopic level; it may not always look red and angry, but the long-term effects can be profound.

There are two main culprits:

UVA rays, which penetrate deeply and cause premature ageing (like wrinkles and sagging), and
UVB rays, which affect the surface layers and are responsible for sunburn and most skin cancers.

Even on cloudy days, UV exposure chips away at your collagen stores, accelerates pigmentation, and stresses your skin’s barrier. That’s why sun protection is non-negotiable, year-round.

The upside? Your skin is constantly trying to repair itself. With support from ingredients like antioxidants, consistent SPF, and red light therapy (which helps with cellular repair and reduces inflammation), it is possible to minimise existing damage and build long-term resilience.